The sequencing of the genomes of many species has had a deep outcome in the different areas of research and it has provided new studies that are very important in the world of biological sciences. There has been a major discovery about small RNA molecules and their roles in gene regulation.

This book provides expanded topics keeping in mind that the 7^th edition was one of the highly used textbooks by students. This book provides the latest finds in the field that are at the same time valid for any reference and current challenges in the biological realm.